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break

The break statement is used to exit loops and switch statements prematurely. It immediately terminates the execution of the innermost loop or switch case and transfers control to the statement following the terminated construct.

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Break in While Loops

Use break to exit a while loop: 
counter = 0
while (true) {
    println("Counter: " + counter)
    counter++
    
    if (counter >= 5) {
        break  // Exit the loop when counter reaches 5
    }
}
println("Loop finished")

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Break in For Loops

Use break to exit for loops: 
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    if (i == 5) {
        break  // Exit when i equals 5
    }
    println("i: " + i)
}
// Output: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

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Break in For-In Loops

Use break to exit for-in loops: 
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

for (num in numbers) {
    if (num > 5) {
        break  // Stop processing when number > 5
    }
    println("Processing: " + num)
}
// Output: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

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Break in Switch Statements

Use break to prevent fall-through in switch cases: 
command = "start"

switch (command) {
    case "start":
        println("Starting application")
        initialize()
        break  // Prevent fall-through to next case
        
    case "stop":
        println("Stopping application")
        cleanup()
        break
        
    case "restart":
        println("Restarting application")
        cleanup()
        initialize()
        break
        
    default:
        println("Unknown command")
}

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Break in Nested Loops

break only exits the innermost loop: 
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
    println("Outer loop: " + i)
    
    for (j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
        if (j == 2) {
            break  // Only exits inner loop
        }
        println("  Inner loop: " + j)
    }
}
// Inner loop breaks at j=2, but outer loop continues

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Conditional Break

Combine break with conditional logic: 
items = ["apple", "banana", "orange", "grape", "kiwi"]
target = "orange"

for (item in items) {
    println("Checking: " + item)
    
    if (item == target) {
        println("Found target: " + item)
        break  // Exit once target is found
    }
}

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Break with User Input

Use break to exit loops based on user input: 
while (true) {
    input = console.read("Enter command (or 'quit' to exit): ")
    
    if (input == "quit") {
        println("Goodbye!")
        break
    }
    
    processCommand(input)
}

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Break in Search Operations

Use break to exit early when search criteria are met: 
soul findUser(users, targetId) {
    foundUser = null
    
    for (user in users) {
        if (user.id == targetId) {
            foundUser = user
            break  // Exit once user is found
        }
    }
    
    return foundUser
}

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Multiple Break Conditions

Use multiple conditions with break: 
data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
sum = 0

for (value in data) {
    sum += value
    
    // Break if sum exceeds threshold or negative value found
    if (sum > 20 || value < 0) {
        break
    }
}

println("Final sum: " + sum)

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Break vs Continue

Understand the difference between break and continue: 
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    if (i == 3) {
        continue  // Skip rest of current iteration, continue with next
    }
    
    if (i == 7) {
        break     // Exit loop completely
    }
    
    println("i: " + i)
}
// Output: 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6

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Best Practices

  1. Use meaningful conditions: Make break conditions clear and understandable
  2. Avoid deep nesting: Too many nested loops with breaks can be confusing
  3. Document complex break logic: Add comments for non-obvious break conditions
  4. Consider alternatives: Sometimes restructuring code eliminates the need for break
// Good - clear break condition
soul processItems(items) {
    for (item in items) {
        if (!item.isValid()) {
            println("Invalid item found, stopping processing")
            break
        }
        
        processItem(item)
    }
}

// Better - using return instead of break in functions
soul findFirstValid(items) {
    for (item in items) {
        if (item.isValid()) {
            return item  // Return instead of break
        }
    }
    return null
}
The break statement is essential for controlling loop execution and preventing unwanted fall-through in switch statements.